With every Thread nowadays involving, Homeland Security, Customs and the Coast Guard, I decided to call the Horse and get straight from his mouth.
He's what I got:
The Coast Guard can board any vessel at anytime to perform a safety check. This is a visual inspection of safety items. here is a link with a check list of all items required.
http://www.uscgboating.org/safety/vsc.htm They may perform a search if they have probable cause or you being a dick..which ever suits them. But they are to ask permission prior to the search. (so some right to privacy exists) If you got no reason to worry play their game and assist them to expedite. (Be sure to push them into the water getting off you boat...[not serious])
As for what was stated in another thread about guests being required to know the location of the safety equipement on board a vessel is NOT TRUE, not even the owner is required to know the location according to what the law states(it just needs to be there)...so knowing where the safety items are located and pointing them out to your guests is not required by law....although it would be stupid not to and it is a good practice.
When boarded and asked about weapons: DISCLOSE anything that may be used as a weapon...ie. Filet Knife, Bat, sharp pointy tools, Gaffs, Guns, belt clip knives. disclose the location of the item and if the USCG feels necessary they will ask to remove that from the boat and keep on theirs for the duration of the check.
Drivers License(or legal ID) is required to be with you at all times.
Boat Registration required on the boat at all times.
Yes drinking alcohol is permitted while underway...but limited only to passengers and the driver is to remain sober.(looks like we're all in trouble for this one) At anchor everyone can drink but with the limitation that one passenger is required to be able to legally operate the boat if required.
If you follow the link at the top you'll see you can have a free Safety Check done by the USCG and they'll give you a sticker stating you have passed the inspection. When inspected out on the water they are supposed to give you a Yellow Paper (Golden Slip) and you keep this on board and present it next time....the paper states your last inspection and that you passed.
White paper is a fine or warning. this too is required on board and must be presented the next time boarded and the USCG will confirm you have corrected the reason for the prior Warning/fine.
To avoid some hassels you can check in with the USCG in your local port a few days before your departure and notify them of you "Sail Plan" which included aproximate location, passengers, aproximate ETA...when you get back you check in with them. if youdon't return by the ETA then they'll send someone looking for you. after attempting to contact you. And you can do this with the port customs officials too.
San Diego USCG (main Group) 619-683-6300
Station 619-683-6360
Hope this helps clearify and if you want to talk to them just call ^.
now get out of my way I gotta go kill something.
Mark